Last data update: May 13, 2024. (Total: 46773 publications since 2009)
Records 1-12 (of 12 Records) |
Query Trace: Kissler B[original query] |
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Salmonella outbreaks associated with not ready-to-eat breaded, stuffed chicken products - United States, 1998-2022
Ford L , Buuck S , Eisenstein T , Cote A , McCormic ZD , Kremer-Caldwell S , Kissler B , Forstner M , Sorenson A , Wise ME , Smith K , Medus C , Griffin PM , Robyn M . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2023 72 (18) 484-487 Not ready-to-eat (NRTE) breaded, stuffed chicken products (e.g., chicken stuffed with broccoli and cheese) typically have a crispy, browned exterior that can make them appear cooked. These products have been repeatedly linked to U.S. salmonellosis outbreaks, despite changes to packaging initiated in 2006 to identify the products as raw and warn against preparing them in a microwave oven (microwave) (1-4). On April 28, 2023, the U.S. Department of Agriculture proposed to declare Salmonella an adulterant* at levels of one colony forming unit per gram or higher in these products (5). Salmonella outbreaks associated with NRTE breaded, stuffed chicken products during 1998-2022 were summarized using reports in CDC's Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System (FDOSS), outbreak questionnaires, web postings, and data from the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH)(†) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS). Eleven outbreaks were identified in FDOSS. Among cultured samples from products obtained from patients' homes and from retail stores during 10 outbreaks, a median of 57% of cultures per outbreak yielded Salmonella. The NRTE breaded, stuffed chicken products were produced in at least three establishments.(§) In the seven most recent outbreaks, 0%-75% of ill respondents reported cooking the product in a microwave and reported that they thought the product was sold fully cooked or did not know whether it was sold raw or fully cooked. Outbreaks associated with these products have occurred despite changes to product labels that better inform consumers that the products are raw and provide instructions on safe preparation, indicating that consumer-targeted interventions are not sufficient. Additional Salmonella controls at the manufacturer level to reduce contamination in ingredients might reduce illnesses attributable to NRTE breaded, stuffed chicken products. |
The Use of Whole-Genome Sequencing by the Federal Interagency Collaboration for Genomics for Food and Feed Safety in the United States.
Stevens EL , Carleton HA , Beal J , Tillman GE , Lindsey RL , Lauer AC , Pightling A , Jarvis KG , Ottesen A , Ramachandran P , Hintz L , Katz LS , Folster JP , Whichard JM , Trees E , Timme RE , McDermott P , Wolpert B , Bazaco M , Zhao S , Lindley S , Bruce BB , Griffin PM , Brown E , Allard M , Tallent S , Irvin K , Hoffmann M , Wise M , Tauxe R , Gerner-Smidt P , Simmons M , Kissler B , Defibaugh-Chavez S , Klimke W , Agarwala R , Lindsay J , Cook K , Austerman SR , Goldman D , McGarry S , Hale KR , Dessai U , Musser SM , Braden C . J Food Prot 2022 85 (5) 755-772 This multi-agency report developed under the Interagency Collaboration for Genomics for Food and Feed Safety (Gen-FS) provides an overview of the use of and transition to Whole-Genome Sequencing (WGS) technology to detect and characterize pathogens transmitted commonly by food and identify their sources. We describe foodborne pathogen analysis, investigation, and harmonization efforts among federal agencies, including the National Institutes of Health (NIH); the Department of Health and Human Services' Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA); and the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), and Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS). We describe single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), core-genome (cg) and whole-genome multi-locus sequence typing (wgMLST) data analysis methods as used in CDC's PulseNet and FDA's GenomeTrakr networks, underscoring the complementary nature of the results for linking genetically related foodborne pathogens during outbreak investigations while allowing flexibility to meet the specific needs of Gen-FS agency partners. We highlight how we apply WGS to pathogen characterization (virulence and antimicrobial resistance profiles), source attribution efforts, and increasing transparency by making the sequences and other data publicly available through the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Finally, we highlight the impact of current trends in the use of culture-independent diagnostics tests (CIDT) for human diagnostic testing on analytical approaches related to food safety. Lastly, we highlight what is next for WGS in food safety. |
Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella I 4,[5],12:i:- and Salmonella Infantis Infections Linked to Whole Roasted Pigs from a Single Slaughter and Processing Facility.
Kawakami V , Bottichio L , Lloyd J , Carleton H , Leeper M , Olson G , Li Z , Kissler B , Angelo KM , Whitlock L , Sinatra J , Defibaugh-Chavez S , Bicknese A , Kay M , Wise ME , Basler C , Duchin J . J Food Prot 2019 82 (9) 1615-1624 We describe two outbreaks of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella I 4,[5],12:i:- infection, occurring in 2015 to 2016, linked to pork products, including whole roaster pigs sold raw from a single Washington slaughter and processing facility (establishment A). Food histories from 80 ill persons were compared with food histories reported in the FoodNet 2006 to 2007 survey of healthy persons from all 10 U.S. FoodNet sites who reported these exposures in the week before interview. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole genome sequencing were conducted on selected clinical, food, and environmental isolates. During 2015, a total of 192 ill persons were identified from five states; among ill persons with available information, 30 (17%) of 180 were hospitalized, and none died. More ill persons than healthy survey respondents consumed pork (74 versus 43%, P < 0.001). Seventeen (23%) of 73 ill persons for which a response was available reported attending an event where whole roaster pig was served in the 7 days before illness onset. All 25 clinical isolates tested from the 2015 outbreak and a subsequent 2016 smaller outbreak (n = 15) linked to establishment A demonstrated MDR. Whole genome sequencing of clinical, environmental, and food isolates (n = 69) collected in both investigations revealed one clade of highly related isolates, supporting epidemiologic and traceback data that establishment A as the source of both outbreaks. These investigations highlight that whole roaster pigs, an uncommon food vehicle for MDR Salmonella I 4,[5],12:i:- outbreaks, will need further attention from food safety researchers and educators for developing science-based consumer guidelines, specifically with a focus on the preparation process. |
Protracted Outbreak of Salmonella Newport Infections Linked to Ground Beef: Possible Role of Dairy Cows - 21 States, 2016-2017.
Marshall KEH , Tewell M , Tecle S , Leeper M , Sinatra J , Kissler B , Fung A , Brown K , Wagner D , Trees E , Hise KB , Chaturvedi V , Schlater LK , Morningstar-Shaw BR , Whitlock L , Holt K , Becker K , Nichols M , Williams IT , Jhung M , Wise ME , Gieraltowski L . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2018 67 (15) 443-446 In January 2017, CDC identified a cluster of Salmonella enterica serotype Newport infections with isolates sharing an indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) pattern, JJPX01.0010 (pattern 10), through PulseNet, the national molecular subtyping network for foodborne disease surveillance. This report summarizes the investigation by CDC, state and local health and agriculture departments, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Food Safety and Inspection Service (USDA-FSIS) and discusses the possible role of dairy cows as a reservoir for strains of Salmonella that persistently cause human illness. This investigation combined epidemiologic and whole genome sequencing (WGS) data to link the outbreak to contaminated ground beef; dairy cows were hypothesized to be the ultimate source of Salmonella contamination. |
Intensified sampling in response to a Salmonella Heidelberg outbreak associated with multiple establishments within a single poultry corporation
Green A , Defibaugh-Chavez S , Douris A , Vetter D , Atkinson R , Kissler B , Khroustalev A , Robertson K , Sharma Y , Becker K , Dessai U , Antoine N , Allen L , Holt K , Gieraltowski L , Wise M , Schwensohn C . Foodborne Pathog Dis 2018 15 (3) 153-160 On June 28, 2013, the Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) was notified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) of an investigation of a multistate cluster of illnesses of Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg. Since case-patients in the cluster reported consumption of a variety of chicken products, FSIS used a simple likelihood-based approach using traceback information to focus on intensified sampling efforts. This article describes the multiphased product sampling approach taken by FSIS when epidemiologic evidence implicated chicken products from multiple establishments operating under one corporation. The objectives of sampling were to (1) assess process control of chicken slaughter and further processing and (2) determine whether outbreak strains were present in products from these implicated establishments. As part of the sample collection process, data collected by FSIS personnel to characterize product included category (whole chicken and type of chicken parts), brand, organic or conventional product, injection with salt solutions or flavorings, and whether product was skinless or skin-on. From the period September 9, 2013, through October 31, 2014, 3164 samples were taken as part of this effort. Salmonella percent positive declined from 19.7% to 5.3% during this timeframe as a result of regulatory and company efforts. The results of intensified sampling for this outbreak investigation informed an FSIS regulatory response and corrective actions taken by the implicated establishments. The company noted that a multihurdle approach to reduce Salmonella in products was taken, including on-farm efforts such as environmental testing, depopulation of affected flocks, disinfection of affected houses, vaccination, and use of various interventions within the establishments over the course of several months. |
National outbreak of multidrug resistant Salmonella Heidelberg infections linked to a single poultry company
Gieraltowski L , Higa J , Peralta V , Green A , Schwensohn C , Rosen H , Libby T , Kissler B , Marsden-Haug N , Booth H , Kimura A , Grass J , Bicknese A , Tolar B , Defibaugh-Chavez S , Williams I , Wise M . PLoS One 2016 11 (9) e0162369 IMPORTANCE: This large outbreak of foodborne salmonellosis demonstrated the complexity of investigating outbreaks linked to poultry products. The outbreak also highlighted the importance of efforts to strengthen food safety policies related to Salmonella in chicken parts and has implications for future changes within the poultry industry. OBJECTIVE: To investigate a large multistate outbreak of multidrug resistant Salmonella Heidelberg infections. DESIGN: Epidemiologic and laboratory investigations of patients infected with the outbreak strains of Salmonella Heidelberg and traceback of possible food exposures. SETTING: United States. Outbreak period was March 1, 2013 through July 11, 2014. PATIENTS: A case was defined as illness in a person infected with a laboratory-confirmed Salmonella Heidelberg with 1 of 7 outbreak pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) XbaI patterns with illness onset from March 1, 2013 through July 11, 2014. A total of 634 case-patients were identified through passive surveillance; 200/528 (38%) were hospitalized, none died. RESULTS: Interviews were conducted with 435 case-patients: 371 (85%) reported eating any chicken in the 7 days before becoming ill. Of 273 case-patients interviewed with a focused questionnaire, 201 (74%) reported eating chicken prepared at home. Among case-patients with available brand information, 152 (87%) of 175 patients reported consuming Company A brand chicken. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was completed on 69 clinical isolates collected from case-patients; 67% were drug resistant, including 24 isolates (35%) that were multidrug resistant. The source of Company A brand chicken consumed by case-patients was traced back to 3 California production establishments from which 6 of 7 outbreak strains were isolated. CONCLUSIONS: Epidemiologic, laboratory, traceback, and environmental investigations conducted by local, state, and federal public health and regulatory officials indicated that consumption of Company A chicken was the cause of this outbreak. The outbreak involved multiple PFGE patterns, a variety of chicken products, and 3 production establishments, suggesting a reservoir for contamination upstream from the production establishments. Sources of bacteria and genes responsible for resistance, such as farms providing birds for slaughter or environmental reservoir on farms that raise chickens, might explain how multiple PFGE patterns were linked to chicken from 3 separate production establishments and many different poultry products. |
Notes from the Field: Outbreak of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Infections Linked to Pork - Washington, 2015
Kawakami VM , Bottichio L , Angelo K , Linton N , Kissler B , Basler C , Lloyd J , Inouye W , Gonzales E , Rietberg K , Melius B , Oltean H , Wise M , Sinatra J , Marsland P , Li Z , Meek R , Kay M , Duchin J , Lindquist S . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2016 65 (14) 379-81 During June-July 2015, Public Health-Seattle & King County (PHSKC) and Washington State Department of Health (WADOH) investigated 22 clusters of Salmonella serotype I 4,[5], 12:i:- infections. Serotype I 4,[5], 12:i:- is the fifth most frequently reported Salmonella serotype in the United States, but is uncommon in Washington.* On July 29, 2015, WADOH and PHSKC requested assistance from CDC to identify the infection source, determine risk factors, and make recommendations for prevention. |
Escherichia coli O157:H7 outbreak associated with restaurant beef grinding
Torso LM , Voorhees RE , Forest SA , Gordon AZ , Silvestri SA , Kissler B , Schlackman J , Sandt CH , Toma P , Bachert J , Mertz KJ , Harrison LH . J Food Prot 2015 78 (7) 1272-9 Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a common cause of foodborne illness in the United States. Beef ground at establishments regulated by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service is routinely tested for E. coli O157:H7. Prior to December 2013, boxed beef product (wholesale cuts of beef, such as beef loin, packaged into bags and boxed for shipping) was not always tested for this pathogen. Downstream processors or retailers may grind the product; and, if the ground beef is not cooked to the recommended temperature, pathogens on the exterior of the beef introduced to the interior through grinding may survive. On 18 October 2013, the Allegheny County Health Department identified two E. coli O157:H7 cases, both of whom were food handlers at restaurant A, a restaurant that ground locally produced boxed beef for hamburgers on site. Case finding was conducted through public messaging, employee surveys, and disease surveillance. All potential cases were interviewed using a standard questionnaire. A confirmed case was defined as laboratory-confirmed E. coli O157:H7 with exposure to restaurant A. A probable case was defined as a patient with compatible symptoms and exposure to restaurant A but without laboratory confirmation. All human and food isolates were characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis. The analysis identified 14 confirmed and 10 probable cases of E. coli; 18 nonintact ground beef samples tested positive for E. coli O157:H7. Nine confirmed cases were restaurant A employees. All confirmed cases recalled eating a restaurant A hamburger in the 10 days before illness onset; most cases reported consuming medium to rare hamburgers. Multiple pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis patterns were identified among both the human and ground beef isolates, and the patient isolates matched those found in ground beef samples. Restaurant A voluntarily closed for 1.5 days, changed beef suppliers, ceased grinding beef in-house, and has had no new cases since reopening. |
Nationwide outbreak of multidrug-resistant Salmonella Heidelberg infections associated with ground turkey: United States, 2011
Routh JA , Pringle J , Mohr M , Bidol S , Arends K , Adams-Cameron M , Hancock WT , Kissler B , Rickert R , Folster J , Tolar B , Bosch S , Barton Behravesh C , Williams IT , Gieraltowski L . Epidemiol Infect 2015 143 (15) 1-8 On 23 May 2011, CDC identified a multistate cluster of Salmonella Heidelberg infections and two multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates from ground turkey retail samples with indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns. We defined cases as isolation of outbreak strains in persons with illness onset between 27 February 2011 and 10 November 2011. Investigators collected hypothesis-generating questionnaires and shopper-card information. Food samples from homes and retail outlets were collected and cultured. We identified 136 cases of S. Heidelberg infection in 34 states. Shopper-card information, leftover ground turkey from a patient's home containing the outbreak strain and identical antimicrobial resistance profiles of clinical and retail samples pointed to plant A as the source. On 3 August, plant A recalled 36 million pounds of ground turkey. This outbreak increased consumer interest in MDR Salmonella infections acquired through United States-produced poultry and played a vital role in strengthening food safety policies related to Salmonella and raw ground poultry. |
Attributing sporadic and outbreak-associated infections to sources: blending epidemiological data
Cole D , Griffin PM , Fullerton KE , Ayers T , Smith K , Ingram LA , Kissler B , Hoekstra RM . Epidemiol Infect 2013 142 (2) 1-8 SUMMARY: Common sources of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157 infection have been identified by investigating outbreaks and by case-control studies of sporadic infections. We conducted an analysis to attribute STEC O157 infections ascertained in 1996 and 1999 by the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) to sources. Multivariable models from two case-control studies conducted in FoodNet and outbreak investigations that occurred during the study years were used to calculate the annual number of infections attributable to six sources. Using the results of the outbreak investigations alone, 27% and 15% of infections were attributed to a source in 1996 and 1999, respectively. Combining information from both data sources, 65% of infections in 1996 and 34% of infections in 1999 were attributed. The results suggest that methods to incorporate data from multiple surveillance systems and over several years are needed to improve estimation of the number of illnesses attributable to exposure sources. |
Nationwide outbreak of Salmonella Montevideo infections associated with contaminated imported black and red pepper: warehouse membership cards provide critical clues to identify the source
Gieraltowski L , Julian E , Pringle J , Macdonald K , Quilliam D , Marsden-Haug N , Saathoff-Huber L , Von Stein D , Kissler B , Parish M , Elder D , Howard-King V , Besser J , Sodha S , Loharikar A , Dalton S , Williams I , Barton Behravesh C . Epidemiol Infect 2012 141 (6) 1-9 SUMMARY: In November 2009, we initiated a multistate investigation of Salmonella Montevideo infections with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern JIXX01.0011. We identified 272 cases in 44 states with illness onset dates ranging from 1 July 2009 to 14 April 2010. To help generate hypotheses, warehouse store membership card information was collected to identify products consumed by cases. These records identified 19 ill persons who purchased company A salami products before onset of illness. A case-control study was conducted. Ready-to-eat salami consumption was significantly associated with illness (matched odds ratio 8.5, 95% confidence interval 2.1-75.9). The outbreak strain was isolated from company A salami products from an environmental sample from one manufacturing plant, and sealed containers of black and red pepper at the facility. This outbreak illustrates the importance of using membership card information to assist in identifying suspect vehicles, the potential for spices to contaminate ready-to-eat products, and preventing raw ingredient contamination of these products. |
Application of bayesian techniques to model the burden of human salmonellosis attributable to U.S. food commodities at the point of processing: adaptation of a Danish model
Guo C , Hoekstra RM , Schroeder CM , Pires SM , Ong KL , Hartnett E , Naugle A , Harman J , Bennett P , Cieslak P , Scallan E , Rose B , Holt KG , Kissler B , Mbandi E , Roodsari R , Angulo FJ , Cole D . Foodborne Pathog Dis 2011 8 (4) 509-16 Mathematical models that estimate the proportion of foodborne illnesses attributable to food commodities at specific points in the food chain may be useful to risk managers and policy makers to formulate public health goals, prioritize interventions, and document the effectiveness of mitigations aimed at reducing illness. Using human surveillance data on laboratory-confirmed Salmonella infections from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Salmonella testing data from U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service's regulatory programs, we developed a point-of-processing foodborne illness attribution model by adapting the Hald Salmonella Bayesian source attribution model. Key model outputs include estimates of the relative proportions of domestically acquired sporadic human Salmonella infections resulting from contamination of raw meat, poultry, and egg products processed in the United States from 1998 through 2003. The current model estimates the relative contribution of chicken (48%), ground beef (28%), turkey (17%), egg products (6%), intact beef (1%), and pork (<1%) across 109 Salmonella serotypes found in food commodities at point of processing. While interpretation of the attribution estimates is constrained by data inputs, the adapted model shows promise and may serve as a basis for a common approach to attribution of human salmonellosis and food safety decision-making in more than one country. |
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